ವಿಷಯಕ್ಕೆ ಹೋಗು

ಸದಸ್ಯ:Yogeeshgowdan/ನನ್ನ ಪ್ರಯೋಗಪುಟ

ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯದಿಂದ, ಇದು ಮುಕ್ತ ಹಾಗೂ ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರ ವಿಶ್ವಕೋಶ

__LEAD_SECTION__

[ಬದಲಾಯಿಸಿ]

ಯುಗ ಚಕ್ರವು ( a.k.a. ಚತುರ್ ಯುಗ, ಮಹಾಯುಗ, ಇತ್ಯಾದಿ ) ಹಿಂದೂ ವಿಶ್ವವಿಜ್ಞಾನದಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದು ಆವರ್ತ ಯುಗ ( ಯುಗ ) ಆಗಿದೆ . ಪ್ರತಿ ಚಕ್ರವು 4,320,000 ವರ್ಷಗಳವರೆಗೆ ಇರುತ್ತದೆ (12,000 ದೈವಿಕ ವರ್ಷಗಳು [lower-alpha ೧] ) ಮತ್ತು ನಾಲ್ಕು ಯುಗಗಳನ್ನು ಪುನರಾವರ್ತಿಸುತ್ತದೆ (ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುಗಗಳು): ಕೃತ (ಸತ್ಯ) ಯುಗ, ತ್ರೇತಾ ಯುಗ, ದ್ವಾಪರ ಯುಗ, ಮತ್ತು ಕಲಿಯುಗ . [೪]

ನಾಲ್ಕು ಯುಗಗಳ ಮೂಲಕ ಯುಗ ಚಕ್ರವು ಮುಂದುವರೆದಂತೆ, ಪ್ರತಿ ಯುಗದ ಉದ್ದ ಮತ್ತು ಮಾನವೀಯತೆಯ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ನೈತಿಕ ಮತ್ತು ದೈಹಿಕ ಸ್ಥಿತಿಯು ಪ್ರತಿ ಯುಗದಲ್ಲಿ ನಾಲ್ಕನೇ ಒಂದು ಭಾಗದಷ್ಟು ಕಡಿಮೆಯಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಕಲಿಯುಗವು 432,000 ವರ್ಷಗಳವರೆಗೆ ಇರುತ್ತದೆ, ಇದು 3102 BCE ನಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರಾರಂಭವಾಯಿತು ಎಂದು ನಂಬಲಾಗಿದೆ. [೫] [೬] ಕಲಿಯುಗದ ಅಂತ್ಯದ ವೇಳೆಗೆ, ಸದ್ಗುಣಗಳು ಕೆಟ್ಟದಾಗಿದ್ದಾಗ, ಕಲ್ಕಿಯು ಭವಿಷ್ಯ ನುಡಿದ ಮುಂದಿನ ಚಕ್ರದ ಕೃತ (ಸತ್ಯ) ಯುಗವನ್ನು ಪ್ರಾರಂಭಿಸಲು ಒಂದು ಪ್ರಳಯ ಮತ್ತು ಧರ್ಮದ ಮರುಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಸಂಭವಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. [೭]

ಒಂದು ಮನ್ವಂತರದಲ್ಲಿ ( ಮನುವಿನ ವಯಸ್ಸು) 71 ಯುಗ ಚಕ್ರಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಕಲ್ಪದಲ್ಲಿ ( ಬ್ರಹ್ಮನ ದಿನ) 1,000 ಯುಗ ಚಕ್ರಗಳಿವೆ. [೬]

  1. ↑ Burgess 1935, pp. 285, 286, chapter XII verse 34-36.
  2. ↑ Burgess 1935, pp. 288, 289, chapter XII verse 45-51: The Surya Siddhanta identifies the vernal equinox with the First Point of Aries and hence does not distinguish between the sidereal and tropical year.
  3. ↑ Burgess 1935, pp. 8, 9, chapter I verse 13,14.
  4. ↑ Godwin, Joscelyn (2011). Atlantis and the Cycles of Time: Prophecies, Traditions, and Occult Revelations. Inner Traditions. pp. 300–301. ISBN 9781594778575.Godwin, Joscelyn (2011). Atlantis and the Cycles of Time: Prophecies, Traditions, and Occult Revelations. Inner Traditions. pp. 300–301. ISBN 9781594778575.
  5. ↑ "Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions". Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. 1999. pp. 445 (Hinduism), 1159 (Yuga). ISBN 0877790442.
    * HINDUISM: Myths of time and eternity: ... Each yuga is preceded by an intermediate "dawn" and "dusk". The Krita yuga lasts 4,000 god-years, with a dawn and dusk of 400 god-years each, or a total of 4,800 god-years; Treta a total of 3,600 god-years; Dvapara 2,400 god-years; and Kali (the current yuga) 1,200 god-years. A mahayuga thus lasts 12,000 god-years ... Since each god-year lasts 360 human years, a mahayuga is 4,320,000 years long in human time. Two thousand mahayugas form one kalpa (eon) [and pralaya], which is itself but one day in the life of Brahma, whose full life lasts 100 years; the present is the midpoint of his life. Each kalpa is followed by an equally long period of abeyance (pralaya), in which the universe is asleep. Seemingly the universe will come to an end at the end of Brahma's life, but Brahmas too are innumerable, and a new universe is reborn with each new Brahma.
    * YUGA: each yuga is progressively shorter than the preceding one, corresponding to a decline in the moral and physical state of humanity. Four such yugas (called ... after throws of an Indian game of dice) make up a mahayuga ("great yuga") ... The first yuga (Krita) was an age of perfection, lasting 1,728,000 years. The fourth and most degenerate yuga (Kali) began in 3102 BCE and will last 432,000 years. At the close of the Kali yuga, the world will be destroyed by fire and flood, to be re-created as the cycle resumes. In a partially competing vision of time, Vishnu's 10th and final AVATAR, KALKI, is described as bringing the present cosmic cycle to a close by destroying the evil forces that rule the Kali yuga and ushering in an immediate return to the idyllic Krita yuga.    Merriam-Webster (1999). "Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions". In Doniger, Wendy; Hawley, John Stratton (eds.). Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. pp. 445 (Hinduism), 1159 (Yuga). ISBN 0877790442.

    * HINDUISM: Myths of time and eternity: ... Each yuga is preceded by an intermediate "dawn" and "dusk". The Krita yuga lasts 4,000 god-years, with a dawn and dusk of 400 god-years each, or a total of 4,800 god-years; Treta a total of 3,600 god-years; Dvapara 2,400 god-years; and Kali (the current yuga) 1,200 god-years. A mahayuga thus lasts 12,000 god-years ... Since each god-year lasts 360 human years, a mahayuga is 4,320,000 years long in human time. Two thousand mahayugas form one kalpa (eon) [and pralaya], which is itself but one day in the life of Brahma, whose full life lasts 100 years; the present is the midpoint of his life. Each kalpa is followed by an equally long period of abeyance (pralaya), in which the universe is asleep. Seemingly the universe will come to an end at the end of Brahma's life, but Brahmas too are innumerable, and a new universe is reborn with each new Brahma.

    * YUGA: each yuga is progressively shorter than the preceding one, corresponding to a decline in the moral and physical state of humanity. Four such yugas (called ... after throws of an Indian game of dice) make up a mahayuga ("great yuga") ... The first yuga (Krita) was an age of perfection, lasting 1,728,000 years. The fourth and most degenerate yuga (Kali) began in 3102 BCE and will last 432,000 years. At the close of the Kali yuga, the world will be destroyed by fire and flood, to be re-created as the cycle resumes. In a partially competing vision of time, Vishnu's 10th and final AVATAR, KALKI, is described as bringing the present cosmic cycle to a close by destroying the evil forces that rule the Kali yuga and ushering in an immediate return to the idyllic Krita yuga.
  6. ↑ ೬.೦ ೬.೧ Gupta, S. V. (2010). "Ch. 1.2.4 Time Measurements". In Hull, Robert; Osgood, Richard M. Jr.; Parisi, Jurgen; Warlimont, Hans (eds.). Units of Measurement: Past, Present and Future. International System of Units. Springer Series in Materials Science: 122. Springer. pp. 6–8. ISBN 9783642007378. Paraphrased: Deva day equals solar year. Deva lifespan (36,000 solar years) equals 100 360-day years, each 12 months. Mahayuga equals 12,000 Deva (divine) years (4,320,000 solar years), and is divided into 10 charnas consisting of four Yugas: Satya Yuga (4 charnas of 1,728,000 solar years), Treta Yuga (3 charnas of 1,296,000 solar years), Dvapara Yuga (2 charnas of 864,000 solar years), and Kali Yuga (1 charna of 432,000 solar years). Manvantara equals 71 Mahayugas (306,720,000 solar years). Kalpa (day of Brahma) equals an Adi Sandhya, 14 Manvantaras, and 14 Sandhya Kalas, where 1st Manvantara preceded by Adi Sandhya and each Manvantara followed by Sandhya Kala, each Sandhya lasting same duration as Satya yuga (1,728,000 solar years), during which the entire earth is submerged in water. Day of Brahma equals 1,000 Mahayugas, the same length for a night of Brahma (Bhagavad-gita 8.17). Brahma lifespan (311.04 trillion solar years) equals 100 360-day years, each 12 months. Parardha is 50 Brahma years and we are in the 2nd half of his life. After 100 years of Brahma, the universe starts with a new Brahma. We are currently in the 28th Kali yuga of the first day of the 51st year of the second Parardha in the reign of the 7th (Vaivasvata) Manu. This is the 51st year of the present Brahma and so about 155 trillion years have elapsed. The current Kali Yuga (Iron Age) began at midnight on 17/18 February 3102 BC in the proleptic Julian calendar.Gupta, S. V. (2010). "Ch. 1.2.4 Time Measurements". In Hull, Robert; Osgood, Richard M. Jr.; Parisi, Jurgen; Warlimont, Hans (eds.). Units of Measurement: Past, Present and Future. International System of Units. Springer Series in Materials Science: 122. Springer. pp. 6–8. ISBN 9783642007378. Paraphrased: Deva day equals solar year. Deva lifespan (36,000 solar years) equals 100 360-day years, each 12 months. Mahayuga equals 12,000 Deva (divine) years (4,320,000 solar years), and is divided into 10 charnas consisting of four Yugas: Satya Yuga (4 charnas of 1,728,000 solar years), Treta Yuga (3 charnas of 1,296,000 solar years), Dvapara Yuga (2 charnas of 864,000 solar years), and Kali Yuga (1 charna of 432,000 solar years). Manvantara equals 71 Mahayugas (306,720,000 solar years). Kalpa (day of Brahma) equals an Adi Sandhya, 14 Manvantaras, and 14 Sandhya Kalas, where 1st Manvantara preceded by Adi Sandhya and each Manvantara followed by Sandhya Kala, each Sandhya lasting same duration as Satya yuga (1,728,000 solar years), during which the entire earth is submerged in water. Day of Brahma equals 1,000 Mahayugas, the same length for a night of Brahma (Bhagavad-gita 8.17). Brahma lifespan (311.04 trillion solar years) equals 100 360-day years, each 12 months. Parardha is 50 Brahma years and we are in the 2nd half of his life. After 100 years of Brahma, the universe starts with a new Brahma. We are currently in the 28th Kali yuga of the first day of the 51st year of the second Parardha in the reign of the 7th (Vaivasvata) Manu. This is the 51st year of the present Brahma and so about 155 trillion years have elapsed. The current Kali Yuga (Iron Age) began at midnight on 17/18 February 3102 BC in the proleptic Julian calendar.
  7. ↑ Merriam-Webster 1999, p. 629 (Kalki): At the end of the present Kali age, when virtue and religion have disappeared into CHAOS and the world is ruled by unjust men, Kalki will appear to destroy the wicked and usher in a new age. ... According to some myths, Kalki's horse will stamp the earth with its right foot, causing the tortoise that supports the world to drop into the deep. Then Kalki will restore the earth to its initial purity.


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