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International Phonetic Alphabet

IPA topics

IPA	International Phonetic Association History of the IPA Extensions to the IPA Kiel convention (1989) Journal of the IPA (JIPA) Naming conventions
Phonetics	Diacritics Segments Tone letter Place of articulation Manner of articulation
Special topics	Case variants of IPA letters Handwritten IPA Obsolete and nonstandard symbols IPA chart for English dialects
Encodings	SAMPA X-SAMPA Kirshenbaum TIPA Phonetic symbols in Unicode WorldBet IPA Braille


v t e IPA pulmonic consonantschart image • audio
Place →	Labial				Coronal									Dorsal							Radical				Glottal
↓ Manner	Bilabial		Labio-dental		Dental		Alveolar		Postalveolar		Retroflex		Alveolo-palatal		Palatal		Velar		Uvular		Pharyngeal		Epiglottal		Glottal
Nasal	m̥	m		ɱ		n̪	n̥	n		n̠	ɳ̊	ɳ		ɲ̟	ɲ̊	ɲ	ŋ̊	ŋ		ɴ
Stop	p	b	p̪	b̪	t̪	d̪	t	d			ʈ	ɖ			c	ɟ	k	ɡ	q	ɢ			ʡ		ʔ
Sibilant fricative					s̪	z̪	s	z	ʃ	ʒ	ʂ	ʐ	ɕ	ʑ
Non-sibilant fricative	ɸ	β	f	v	θ	ð	θ̱	ð̠							ç	ʝ	x	ɣ	χ	ʁ	ħ	ʕ	ʜ	ʢ	h	ɦ
Approximant				ʋ				ɹ				ɻ			j̊	j		ɰ
Flap or tap		ⱱ̟		ⱱ				ɾ				ɽ								ɢ̆				ʡ̯
Trill		ʙ					r̥	r				ɽ͡r								ʀ				ᴙ *
Lateral fricative							ɬ	ɮ			ꞎ *				ʎ̝̊		ʟ̝̊	ʟ̝
Lateral approximant							l̥	l				ɭ		ʎ̟		ʎ		ʟ
Lateral flap								ɺ				ɺ̢ *				ʎ̯		ʟ̆

Non-pulmonic consonants
Clicks	ʘ	ǀ		ǃ		ǂ		ǁ
Clicks	ʘ̃	ʘ̃ˀ		ʘ͡q		ʘ͡qʼ		‼
Implosives	ɓ̥	ɓ	ɗ̥	ɗ	ᶑ	ʄ̊	ʄ	ɠ	ʛ
Ejectives	pʼ	t̪ʼ	tʼ	ʈʼ	cʼ	kʼ	qʼ	fʼ	θʼ
	sʼ	ɬʼ	ʃʼ	ʂʼ	ɕʼ	xʼ	χʼ	tsʼ	tɬʼ
	cʎ̝̥ʼ	tʃʼ	ʈʂʼ	kxʼ	kʟ̝̊ʼ	qχʼ

Affricates
p̪f	b̪v	ts	dz	t̪s̪	d̪z̪	tθ	dð	tʃ	dʒ
tɕ	dʑ	ʈʂ	ɖʐ	tɬ	dɮ	cç	ɟʝ	cʎ̥˔
kx	ɡɣ	kʟ̝̊	ɡʟ̝	qχ	ɢʁ

Co-articulated consonants
Continuants	ʍ	w	ɥ	ɧ
Occlusives	k͡p	ɡ͡b	ŋ͡m

— These tables contain phonetic symbols, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help]

— Where symbols appear in pairs, left–right represent the voiceless–voiced consonants.

— Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible.

— Symbols marked with an asterisk (*) are not defined in the IPA.

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