ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:GATT and WTO trade rounds
ಗೋಚರ
GATT and WTO trade rounds[೧] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Name | Start | Duration | Countries | Subjects covered | Achievements | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Geneva | April 1947 | 7 months | 23 | Tariffs | Signing of GATT, 45,000 tariff concessions affecting $10 billion of trade | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Annecy | April 1949 | 5 months | 13 | Tariffs | Countries exchanged some 5,000 tariff concessions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Torquay | September 1950 | 8 months | 38 | Tariffs | Countries exchanged some 8,700 tariff concessions, cutting the 1948 tariff levels by 25% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Geneva II | January 1956 | 5 months | 26 | Tariffs, admission of Japan | $2.5 billion in tariff reductions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dillon | September 1960 | 11 months | 26 | Tariffs | Tariff concessions worth $4.9 billion of world trade | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kennedy | May 1964 | 37 months | 62 | Tariffs, Anti-dumping | Tariff concessions worth $40 billion of world trade | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tokyo | September 1973 | 74 months | 102 | Tariffs, non-tariff measures, "framework" agreements | Tariff reductions worth more than $300 billion dollars achieved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Uruguay | September 1986 | 87 months | 123 | Tariffs, non-tariff measures, rules, services, intellectual property, dispute settlement, textiles, agriculture, creation of WTO, etc | The round led to the creation of WTO, and extended the range of trade negotiations, leading to major reductions in tariffs (about 40%) and agricultural subsidies, an agreement to allow full access for textiles and clothing from developing countries, and an extension of intellectual property rights. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Doha | November 2001 | ? | 159 | Tariffs, non-tariff measures, agriculture, labor standards, environment, competition, investment, transparency, patents etc | The round is not yet concluded. |
References
- ↑ a)The GATT years: from Havana to Marrakesh, World Trade Organization
b)Timeline: World Trade Organization – A chronology of key events, BBC News
c)Brakman-Garretsen-Marrewijk-Witteloostuijn, Nations and Firms in the Global Economy, Chapter 10: Trade and Capital Restriction